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<channel>
	<title>Books Blog &#187; Language</title>
	<atom:link href="http://books.elliottback.com/category/language/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://books.elliottback.com</link>
	<description>English Literature &#038; Linguistics</description>
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	<language>en</language>
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			<item>
		<title>Bulwer-Lytton Contest 2008 Results</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/bulwer-lytton-contest-2008-results/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/bulwer-lytton-contest-2008-results/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2008 00:52:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Engrish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oddly...]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2008/09/02/bulwer-lytton-contest-2008-results/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The results of the 2008 Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest are in, and they are spectacular!  The grand prize went to Garrison Spik of Washington, D.C. for this bit of prose:
Theirs was a New York love, a checkered taxi ride burning rubber, and like the city their passion was open 24/7, steam rising from their bodies [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The results of the <a href="http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/scott.rice/blfc2008.htm">2008 Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest</a> are in, and they are spectacular!  The grand prize went to Garrison Spik of Washington, D.C. for this bit of prose:</p>
<blockquote><p>Theirs was a New York love, a checkered taxi ride burning rubber, and like the city their passion was open 24/7, steam rising from their bodies like slick streets exhaling warm, moist, white breath through manhole covers stamped &#8220;Forged by DeLaney Bros., Piscataway, N.J.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Other beauties include Shannon Wedge of New Hampshire who won in the Adventure category:</p>
<blockquote><p>Leopold looked up at the arrow piercing the skin of the dirigible with a sort of wondrous dismay &#8212; the wheezy shriek was just the sort of sound he always imagined a baby moose being beaten with a pair of accordions might make.</p></blockquote>
<p>As well as Graham Thomas of St Albans, Hertfordshire, U.K. who ran up the Purple Prose:</p>
<blockquote><p>The complementary crepuscularities of earth and sky shrank away from one another as the roseate effulgence of a new dawn burst forth, not unlike a reclining pneumatic beauty&#8217;s black silk stocking splitting apart at the seam to reveal the glowing radiance of an angrily sun-burned leg.</p></blockquote>
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		<item>
		<title>CantDictionary of Thieving Slang, 1737</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/cantdictionary-of-thieving-slang-1737/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/cantdictionary-of-thieving-slang-1737/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2008 18:55:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Classics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2008/09/01/cantdictionary-of-thieving-slang-1737/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you haven&#8217;t seen it, you should check out the Cant Dictionary of Thieving Slang, 1737:
ANGLERS
ANGLERS, alias HOOKERS; petty Thieves, who have a Stick with a Hook at the End, wherewith they pluck Things out of Windows, Grates, &#038;c. Make ready your Angling Stick; a Word of Command used by these petty Villains, to get [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you haven&#8217;t seen it, you should check out the <a href="http://www.fromoldbooks.org/NathanBailey-CantingDictionary/A/">Cant Dictionary of Thieving Slang, 1737</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>ANGLERS</p>
<p>ANGLERS, alias HOOKERS; petty Thieves, who have a Stick with a Hook at the End, wherewith they pluck Things out of Windows, Grates, &#038;c. Make ready your Angling Stick; a Word of Command used by these petty Villains, to get ready the Stick with which they perform their Pranks, and as a Signal of a Prey in Sight. In the Day-time they beg from House to House, to spy best where to plant their Designs, which at Night they put in Execution.</p></blockquote>
<p>It&#8217;s a classic.</p>
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		<title>Stomache is Stomach and Ache</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/stomache-is-stomach-and-ache/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/stomache-is-stomach-and-ache/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 16:00:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2008/06/29/stomache-is-stomach-and-ache/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I &#8220;invented&#8221; the term stomache the other day, by noticing how the words stomach and ache overlap.  Why should you say &#8220;stomach ache&#8221; when they both already share an ach?  Take that ach out!  Here is a visual depiction of the future evolution of the phrase &#8220;stomach ache&#8221;:

Urban Dictionary has a definition [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I &#8220;invented&#8221; the term <strong>stomache</strong> the other day, by noticing how the words stomach and ache overlap.  Why should you say &#8220;stomach ache&#8221; when they both already share an ach?  Take that ach out!  Here is a visual depiction of the future evolution of the phrase &#8220;stomach ache&#8221;:</p>
<p><img id="image165" src="http://books.elliottback.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/stomache.png" alt="stomache.png" /></p>
<p>Urban Dictionary has a <a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=stomache" rel="nofollow">definition</a> of its own:</p>
<blockquote><p>1. 	Stomache 	</p>
<p>An idiot who can&#8217;t spell &#8220;stomach&#8221;.<br />
Guy1: Man, my stomache is killing me.<br />
Guy2: It&#8217;s stomach, dumbass.</p>
<p>2. 	stomache 	</p>
<p>Upset stomach, contracted form of &#8220;stomach ache&#8221;<br />
You can&#8217;t sit on my lap, pet, I have a stomache.</p></blockquote>
<p>The rest of the Google references will take you to pages about gastroenterology, under the assumption that stomache is really just a common mispelling of stomach.  Unfortunately, I&#8217;m writing this to tell you that it&#8217;s not.  It&#8217;s its own new portmanteau word, replacing &#8220;stomach ache.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>&#8220;Canadian&#8221; the new N-word euphemism?</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/canadian-the-new-n-word-euphemism/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/canadian-the-new-n-word-euphemism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 01:47:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oddly...]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2008/01/27/canadian-the-new-n-word-euphemism/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s come to my attention that &#8220;Canadian&#8221; is the new n-word, something that is both baffling and disturbing to me:
The bigger mystery is how &#8220;Canadian&#8221; came to be code for black. An online directory of racial slurs defines Canadian as a &#8220;masked replacement&#8221; for black.
Last August, a blogger in Cincinnati going by the name CincyBlurg [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s come to my attention that <a href="http://www.nationalpost.com/most_popular/story.html?id=261254">&#8220;Canadian&#8221; is the new n-word</a>, something that is both baffling and disturbing to me:</p>
<blockquote><p>The bigger mystery is how &#8220;Canadian&#8221; came to be code for black. An online directory of racial slurs defines Canadian as a &#8220;masked replacement&#8221; for black.</p>
<p>Last August, a blogger in Cincinnati going by the name CincyBlurg reported that a black friend from the southeastern U.S. had recently discovered that she was being called a Canadian. &#8220;She told me a story of when she was working in a shop in the South and she overheard some of her customers complaining that they were always waited on by a Canadian at that place. She didn&#8217;t understand what they were talking about and assumed they must be talking about someone else,&#8221; the blogger wrote.</p>
<p>&#8220;After this happened several times with different patrons, she mentioned it to one of her co-workers. He told her that ‘Canadian&#8217; was the new derogatory term that racist Southerners were using to describe persons they would have previously referred to nigger.&#8221;</p>
<p>A similar case in Kansas City was reported last year on a Listserv, or electronic mailing list, used by linguistics experts. A University of Kansas linguist said that a waitress friend reported that &#8220;fellow workers used to use a name for inner-city families that were known to not leave a tip: Canadians. &#8216;Hey, we have a table of Canadians&#8230;. They&#8217;re all yours.&#8217;&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>The article concludes that the term &#8220;Canadian&#8221; is being used by racists to refer to black Americans because it affords a cultured sense of otherness, and because other immigrant nationalities, such as &#8220;Mexican,&#8221; would have been too obvious.</p>
<p><img id="image154" src="http://books.elliottback.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/canadian.png" alt="canadian.png" /></p>
<p>Urban Dictionary at least lends some credence to this alternate definition, odious as it is.  Hopefully this is just a linguistic passing phase, limited only to a few select idiots in the Southern USA.</p>
<p><strong>Update:</strong>  There is an article in <a href="http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/node/7931">Passport Foreign Policy</a> which says, &#8220;There is just so much wrong with this situation on so many levels that I don&#8217;t even know where to begin. So, you be the judge.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Unnecessary quotation marks</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/unnecessary-quotation-marks/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/unnecessary-quotation-marks/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Oct 2007 01:10:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2007/10/13/unnecessary-quotation-marks/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you&#8217;re a grammar fanatic, or even just an everyday English-speaker, you&#8217;ll be both fascinated and amazed at 
the &#8220;blog&#8221; of &#8220;unnecessary&#8221; quotation marks.  For example:

A submitter who prefers to remain anonymous sent me this. Talk about a front for the mob&#8230;
There&#8217;s also a fascinating Flickr group called &#8220;Quotation Mark&#8221; Abuse that&#8217;s well worth [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you&#8217;re a grammar fanatic, or even just an everyday English-speaker, you&#8217;ll be both fascinated and amazed at <a href="http://quotation-marks.blogspot.com/"><br />
the &#8220;blog&#8221; of &#8220;unnecessary&#8221; quotation marks</a>.  For example:</p>
<p><img id="image148" src="http://books.elliottback.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/office.jpg" alt="office.jpg" /><br />
<small>A submitter who prefers to remain anonymous sent me this. Talk about a front for the mob&#8230;</small></p>
<p>There&#8217;s also a fascinating Flickr group called <a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/quoteabuse/pool/">&#8220;Quotation Mark&#8221; Abuse</a> that&#8217;s well worth checking out.  For those interested in the rules, quotation marks should be used to set off actual speech.  The quotation mark can be further abused as a mark of irony, distancing the writer from the word or phrase contained.  You can check out <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark">Wikipedia</a> for more rules.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>How to Cite a Blog: Citation style</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/how-to-cite-a-blog-citation-style/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/how-to-cite-a-blog-citation-style/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Oct 2007 03:04:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2007/10/12/how-to-cite-a-blog-citation-style/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The NLM style guide now has a special format for citing blogs.  Beyond how cool it is that blogs are considered authoritative enough to warrant their own formal citation style, the new &#8220;general format for a reference to a blog on the Internet&#8221; is remarkably sensitive to the temporal nature of the web.  [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.section.61024">NLM style guide</a> now has a special format for citing blogs.  Beyond how cool it is that blogs are considered authoritative enough to warrant their own formal citation style, the new &#8220;general format for a reference to a blog on the Internet&#8221; is remarkably sensitive to the temporal nature of the web.  For example, this entry could be cited as:</p>
<blockquote><p> Bäck E. Books Blog [Internet]. New York: Elliott Bäck. 2004 Nov &#8211;   [cited 2007 Oct 12]. Available from: <a href="http://books.elliottback.com/?p=147" title="http://books.elliottback.com/?p=147" target="_blank">books.elliottback.com/?p=147</a> </p></blockquote>
<p>They strongly recommend including the word &#8220;blog&#8221; in the title if it is not already there to indicate that the citation refers to a blog.  Also interesting is the date of publication, which is given as the date of the first post that can be found in the archives.</p>
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		<title>BBC Swear Word Frequency Charts</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/bbc-swear-word-frequency-charts/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/bbc-swear-word-frequency-charts/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Aug 2007 02:39:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2007/07/31/bbc-swear-word-frequency-charts/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A report titled Delete Expletives? by the Advertising Standards Authority of the British Broadcasting Corporation correlates various English swear words with how well they are perceived.  Statistically, &#8220;c*nt&#8221; and &#8220;m*therf*ck*r&#8221; are the most offensive, while &#8220;bloody&#8221; and &#8220;god&#8221; round off the bottom of the list.

Thanks to the fantastic Ben Goldacre for digging this up!
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A report titled <a href="http://www.asa.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1EAEACA7-8322-4C86-AAC2-4261551F57FE/0/ASA_Delete_Expletives_Dec_2000.pdf">Delete Expletives?</a> by the Advertising Standards Authority of the British Broadcasting Corporation correlates various English swear words with how well they are perceived.  Statistically, &#8220;c*nt&#8221; and &#8220;m*therf*ck*r&#8221; are the most offensive, while &#8220;bloody&#8221; and &#8220;god&#8221; round off the bottom of the list.</p>
<p><a href="http://books.elliottback.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/swear-word-frequency.png"><img id="image140" src="http://books.elliottback.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/swear-word-frequency-sm.png" alt="swear-word-frequency.png" /></a></p>
<p>Thanks to the fantastic <a href="http://www.badscience.net/?p=228">Ben Goldacre</a> for digging this up!</p>
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		<title>Strange Names for Things</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/strange-names-for-things/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/strange-names-for-things/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Jul 2007 01:02:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2007/07/06/strange-names-for-things/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Check out this list of 33 unusual names for plain old nouns, featuring such goodies as:
AGLET &#8211; The plain or ornamental covering on the end of a shoelace.
DRAGÉES &#8211; Small beadlike pieces of candy, usually silver-coloured, used for decorating cookies, cakes and sundaes.
OCTOTHORPE &#8211; The symbol &#8216;#&#8217; on a telephone handset.
SCROOP &#8211; The rustle of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Check out this list of <a href="http://www.wattpad.com/3702">33 unusual names</a> for plain old nouns, featuring such goodies as:</p>
<blockquote><p>AGLET &#8211; The plain or ornamental covering on the end of a shoelace.</p>
<p>DRAGÉES &#8211; Small beadlike pieces of candy, usually silver-coloured, used for decorating cookies, cakes and sundaes.</p>
<p>OCTOTHORPE &#8211; The symbol &#8216;#&#8217; on a telephone handset.</p>
<p>SCROOP &#8211; The rustle of silk.</p></blockquote>
<p>Honestly, I&#8217;d never heard of these and I question their use.  But they are neat!</p>
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		<title>Contronyms List</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/contronyms-list/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/contronyms-list/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Apr 2007 02:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Listmania]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2007/04/21/contronyms-list/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A contronym or antagonym is defined as a word which is in itself its own antonym.  They are special cases of homographs, different words which share the same spelling.  Rinkworks has a long list of them, some highlights of which I will share here with you:

apology &#8211; admission of fault in what you [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A contronym or antagonym is defined as a word which is in itself its own antonym.  They are special cases of homographs, different words which share the same spelling.  Rinkworks has a <a href="http://rinkworks.com/words/contronyms.shtml">long list of them</a>, some highlights of which I will share here with you:</p>
<ol>
<li><em>apology</em> &#8211; admission of fault in what you think, say, or do; formal defense of what you think, say, or do</li>
<li><em>dust</em> &#8211; add fine particles, remove fine particles</li>
<li><em>oversight</em> &#8211; error, care</li>
<li><em>pitted</em> &#8211; with the pit in, with the pit removed</li>
<li><em>rent</em> &#8211; buy use of, sell use of</li>
<li><em>table</em> &#8211; propose (in the United Kingdom), set aside (in the United States)</li>
</ol>
<p>There are doubtlessly many many more out there, so leave tons of comments for us in the hopes of acquiring more of these beautiful words!</p>
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		<title>NYC Bans &#8220;Nigger&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://books.elliottback.com/nyc-bans-nigger/</link>
		<comments>http://books.elliottback.com/nyc-bans-nigger/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Mar 2007 02:59:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elliott Back</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oddly...]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://books.elliottback.com/archives/2007/03/01/nyc-bans-nigger/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Now YOU won&#8217;t be able to open your brand-new Hip Hop Thug shop:

Seriously, the city of NYC has banned the use of the word &#8220;nigger,&#8221; thus preventing schools from teaching Huck Finn, and the homies in the hood from saying hello.  Reuters has a hilarious quote from Chris Rock on the issue:
&#8220;What, is there [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Now YOU won&#8217;t be able to open your brand-new Hip Hop Thug shop:</p>
<p><img id="image117" alt="storefront.jpg" src="http://books.elliottback.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/storefront.jpg" /></p>
<p>Seriously, the city of NYC has banned the use of the word &#8220;nigger,&#8221; thus preventing schools from teaching Huck Finn, and the homies in the hood from saying hello.  Reuters has a <a href="http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews&#038;storyid=2007-02-28T231559Z_01_N28254477_RTRUKOC_0_US-NEWYORK-WORD.xml&#038;src=rss">hilarious quote</a> from Chris Rock on the issue:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;What, is there a fine? Am I going to get a ticket?&#8221; Rock mocked in a Reuters interview when asked about the City Council move. &#8220;Do judges say, &#8216;10 years, nigger!&#8217;&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>As a linguist, I think <em>all words are useful</em> tools for expressing ideas.  What if you want to express a distasteful history of slavery and modern linguistic rebellion and rebranding?  Then it&#8217;s the perfect word.</p>
<p><strong>Update:  </strong>The hip-hop/rap music link to the revitalization of this word is well known and controversial enough&#8211;I&#8217;m not interested in discussing it here.  What <strong>is</strong> interesting though, is that I just realized that rapper (unfortunately) Jay-Z calls himself &#8220;Jigga Man.&#8221;  Of course, Jigga is only a slightly more corrupted form of the N-word, and he&#8217;s taken it  <strong>as his name</strong>.  I&#8217;m not going to draw conclusions.</p>
<p><strong>Update 2:</strong>  Here are some others&#8217; opinions on the matter:</p>
<p>&#8220;I used the word nigger to defuse its negativity,&#8221; he told us by phone. &#8220;When Puerto Ricans call each other the Spanish word &#8216;negro,&#8217; it reflects feelings of love. I think New York blacks picked up &#8216;You my nigger&#8217; from Puerto Ricans.&#8221; writes <a href="http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2007/03/pol_and_poet_wouldnt_support_n_1.html">NYMag</a></p>
<p>&#8220;The word word originates from the Latin &#8220;niger,&#8221; meaning black, to its first documented written use in 1786 as a term slave masters used to label their African slaves.&#8221; writes <a href="http://xo.typepad.com/blog/2007/03/new_york_city_b.html">A Welsh View</a></p>
<p>&#8220;Sorry, banning words you don’t approve of is infantile at best and fascist at its worst. Forbidding the use of a word usually only gives it more power. Besides, racism is a complex cultural and historical issue that goes far beyond a two syllable word.&#8221; says <a href="http://www.cynical-c.com/?p=6769">Cynical-C</a></p>
<p>&#8220;My fantasy is that I could have made a citizens arrest and then tortured him for hours upon hours, tied up in my apartment, by recounting every act of racial hatred and discrimination that I have ever endure&#8230;&#8221; writes <a href="http://www.blacklooks.org/2007/03/the_n-word_and_atbw.html">Black Looks</a></p>
<p>&#8220;How would we feel if the city had been Memphis, Tennessee, and the word had been &#8220;Jesus Christ!&#8221; (when used as an expletive). Most of us here would agree that both expletives are a bad thing, but would we want both of them outlawed?&#8221; says <a href="http://www.worldmagblog.com/blog/archives/029260.html">World Views</a></p>
<p>&#8220;Perhaps dialogue encouraging the black community to hate <em>using</em> the word &#8216;nigger&#8217; as much much as they hate other people using it would be far more productive.&#8221; notes <a href="http://amyproctor.squarespace.com/blog/2007/1/24/banning-the-n-word.html">Amy Proctor</a> who I remind does not need so many italics</p>
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